A rare cause of pediatric urinary incontinence: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt with bladder perforation

We present a case of 2-year-old boy with long term dysuria and intermittent incontinence, and new onset of fever and headache. Significant past medical history includes congenital hydrocephalus with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement two years prior to consult. On physical examination, a tubular structure was noted underneath the prepuce suspected to be the distal tip of ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which was confirmed by kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) X-ray and CT scan. Patient was treated with a novel approach of extraperitoneal removal of ventriculoperitoneal shunt distal tip with cystorrhaphy via a low transverse pfannenstiel incision, separate left ventriculostomy tube insertion and complete removal of ventriculoperitoneal shunt from the right ventricle. This report accounts a rare pediatric case with ventriculoperitoneal shunt perforation into a normal bladder successfully treated with mini-open surgery.